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A Twenty-First Century Approach to Supporting All Students
Over the past forty years, there has been an explosion of research in multiple disciplines that have vastly increased the knowledge base about the brain and nervous system and human development and behavior. Changes include an understanding of the role of toxic stress and trauma on the structure of the developing brain and on functioning.
About Seclusion and Restraint
Restraint and seclusion are crisis management strategies that are used in many schools across the nation and the world. Physical Restraint is exactly what it sounds like; it is a personal restriction that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a student to move his or her torso, arms, legs, or head freely. Seclusion is the involuntary confinement of a student alone in a room or area from which the student is physically prevented from leaving.
Alternatives to Restraint and Seclusion
A common question from school staff, administrators, and members of local school boards is, “If not restraint and seclusion, then what?” In this article, we will address how the current approaches to behaviors of concern are failing and leading to the use of restraint and seclusion. We will also address some of the approaches that can be used to reduce and eliminate the use of restraint and seclusion.
Education or Incarceration? Ending America’s School-to-Prison Pipeline
The purpose of this paper is to review the events and processes that have occurred over the past decades that have led to the changes in how the behaviors of children and youth are perceived and treated, the rise in disproportionality of disciplinary responses, and the efforts to reverse the trend to criminalize children.
Needed Change: Moving Away From Restraint and Seclusion
Chantelle D. Hyde, a volunteer with the Alliance Against Seclusion and Restraint in Canada, compiled the following list of resources. These resources are intended to help those looking for better ways to support all children in our schools.
Seclusion and Restraint Research References
Are you conducting your own research or looking for references about the use of restraint and seclusion? This page contains numerous resources and links that might be helpful to anyone conducting research on the use of restraint and seclusion.
The Dark Side of Rewards, Part 1: Why Incentives Do More Harm Than Good in the Classroom
In this article, Connie Persike discusses the dark side of rewards. Point and level systems are another (misguided) tool in the behaviorist toolkit and part of the problem of behaviorism. The point and level system approach seems to have evolved from the idea of token economies based on B.F. Skinner’s operant conditioning principles.
The Problem with Behaviorism: There Are Better Ways to Work with Behaviorally Challenging Children
In this document, Beth Tolley tells the history of positive behavior intervention and supports, the approach chosen by the National Technical Assistance Center (PBIS.org), and the harm and contribution that approach is making to the disproportionate discipline rates for children with disabilities.
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